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BIOROŻNORODNOŚĆ BAKTERII ERWINIA AMYLOVORA
- SPRAWCY ZARAZY OGNIOWEJ
Joanna Puławska1*, Krzysztof Kielak2*, Piotr Sobiczewski1
1Instytut Sadownictwa i Kwiaciarstwa, ul. Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice
2Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi, Departament Hodowli i Ochrony Roślin, ul. Wspólna 30, 00-930 Warszawa
Wpłynęło w styczniu 2009 r.
1. Wstęp. 2. Analiza cech fenotypowych. 2.1 Rośliny-gospodarze i wirulencja E. amylovora. 2.2. Biochemiczne i fizjologiczne właściwości E. amylovora. 2.3. Analiza kwasów tłuszczowych i białek. 2.4. Oporność na streptomycynę. 3. Analiza kwasów nukleinowych. 3.1. Analiza plazmidowego DNA. 3.2. Analiza chromosomalnego DNA. 3.2.1. Analiza sekwencji powtarzalnych - Rep-PCR. 3.2.2. Rybotypowanie. 3.2.3. Analiza restrykcyjna - RFLP. 3.2.4. Losowo wzmocnione polimorficzne DNA - RAPD. 3.2.5. Polimorfizm długości amplifikowanych fragmentów - AFLP. 3.2.6. Elektroforeza w zmiennym polu elektrycznym - PFGE. 4. Podsumowanie
Biodiversity of Erwinia amylovora - the causal agent of fire blight
Abstract: Strains of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of Rosaceae plants, form very homogenous species, regarding both biochemical and genotypie characters. However, they show diversity of virulence. The differences in phenotype and genotype of this bacterium have been observed only between strains originating from Rubus and those from Maloidae plants. In regions where streptomycin was used to control fire blight, the presence of streptomycin resistant strains was found. However strains highly and moderately resistant to streptomycin can be distinguished depending on their mechanism of resistance. Strains originating from North America, where fire blight was described for the first time, are generally more genetically heterogeneous than those from Europe. It was found that E. amylovora isolates can differ in plasmid content. Moreover, some of plasmids, like pEI70 discovered in Spain, can posses genes essential for pathogenicity and different than presently known ones - responsible for synthesis of siderophores, exopolysaccharides and proteins eg. harpin.
1. Introduction. 2. Analysis of phenotypic properties. 2.1. Host-plants and virulence of E. amylovora. 2.2. Biochemical and physiological properties of E. amylovora. 2.3. Analysis of fatty acids and protein patterns. 2.4. Resistance to streptomycin. 3. Nucleic acid based methods. 3.1. Analysis of plasmid DNA. 3.2. Analysis of chromosomal DNA. 3.2.1. Analysis of repetitive extragenic palindromic elements. 3.2.2. Ribotyping. 3.2.3. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism - RFLP. 3.2.4. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - RAPD. 3.2.5. Amplified Fragment Lenght Polymorphism - AFLP. 3.2.6. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis - PFGE. 4. Summary
Słowa kluczowe: DNA chromosomalny, DNA plazmidowy, Erwinia amylovora, wirulencja, zróżnicowanie genetyczne i fenotypowe
Key words: hromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, Erwinia amylovora, genotypic and phenotypic diversity, virulence
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