POST. MIKROBIOL.,
2007, 46, 4, 301-316
http://www.pm.microbiology.pl

 

ENTEROKOKI OPORNE NA WANKOMYCYNĘ
I. CHOROBOTWÓRCZOŚĆ


Maciej Przybylski

Katedra i Zakład Mikrobiologii Lekarskiej, Akademia Medyczna w Warszawie
ul.Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warszawa, e-mail: maciej@conexion.pl

Wpłynęło w maju 2007 r.

1. Wstęp. 2. Czynniki zjadliwości bakterii z rodzaju Enterococcus. 3. Chorobotwórczość enterokoków. 3.1. Chorobotwórczość Enterococcus faecalis i Enterococcus faecium. 3.2. Zakażenia wywoływane przez inne gatunki enterokoków. 4. Czynniki ryzyka zakażeń wywoływanych przez enterokoki. 5. Oporność enterokoków na antybiotyki. 6. Europejski model pozaszpitalnego rozprzestrzeniania szczepow VRE

Vancomycin-resistant enetrococci. I. Pathogenicity

Abstract: Antibiotic pressure resulting from the intense use of antibiotics during the last 60 years has led to the emerging problem of antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains. Enterococci (especially Enterococcus faecium) posses a number of intrinsic and acquired mechanisms of resistance. In clinical practice, resistance of Gram-positive cocci (mostly enterococci) to glycopeptide antibiotics is an important problem. Enterococci are typical example of human normal flora, but they are also responsible for dangerous oportunistic nosocomial infections, as well as urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Enterococcus faecalis is responsible for 80-90% of such infections, and Enterococcus faecium for most of the remaining. Like other bacteria causing infections in humans, enterococci have particular traits corresponding to their pathogenicity. In the present study, we have described enterococcal virulence factors of E. faecium and E. faecalis involved in (I) adhesion, (II) invasion and formation of pyogenic infection, (III) modulation of host immune response and (IV) the production of potential toxic products. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are isolated from hospital patients but also from oupatient population and from husbandry animals. For many years so called nutrient growth factors were used in animal feeding, among them a glycopeptide avoparcin. It seems to be one of the most important factors responsible for the emergence of vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococci.

1. Introduction. 2. Virulence factors of Enterococcus species. 3. Pathogenicity of enterococci. 3.1. Infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. 3.2. Infections caused by other enterococci. 4. Risk factors predisposing to enterococcal infections. 5. Enterococcal resistance to antimicrobial agents. 6. European model of out-of-hospital spreading of VRE strains.

Słowa kluczowe: Enterococcus, czynniki zjadliwości, enterokoki oporne
                            na wankomycynę, promotory wzrostu
Key words: Enterococcus, virulence factors, vancomycin-resistant enterococci,
                   growth promotors
 

 


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