PAŁECZKI ENTEROBACTER SPP.
TAKSONOMIA, CHARAKTERYSTYKA, CZYNNIKI WIRULENCJI I METODY IDENTYFIKACJI
Anna Michalska, Eugenia Gospodarek
Katedra i Zaklad Mikrobiologii Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera
w Bydgoszczy Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, kizmikrob@cm.umk.pl
Wpłynęło w marcu 2006 r.
1. Wstęp. 2. Pochodzenie, taksonomia i gatunki pałeczek
Enterobacter spp. 3. Ogólna charakterystyka rodzaju Enterobacter. 3.1. Morfologia, hodowla i metabolizm. 3.2. Właściwosci biochemiczne rodzaju. 3.3. Budowa antygenowa i czynniki wirulencji. 4. Występowanie pałeczek
Enterobacter spp. 5. Metody identyfikacji i typowania pałeczek
Enterobacter spp. 5.1. Metody oparte na fenotypowaniu. 5.2. Metody oparte o techniki biologii molekularnej. 6. Podsumowanie
Enterobacter spp. bacteria - the taxonomy, characteristics, virulence factors and the methods for identification
Abstract. Enterobacter cloacae is part of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of 40 to 80% of people and is widely distributed in the environment. Species of the genus
Enterobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens and are capable of causing opportunistic infections in hospitalized patients.
There are 14 known species or biogrups of Enterobacter among which
E. cloacae, E. aerogenes and E. sakazakii are the most freqently isolated species. They can be isolated from urine, sputum, respiratory tract, pus and occasionally from blood and spinal fluid.
There is lack of knowledge about the factors influencing their pathogenicity and virulence. They posses endotoxin LPS, capsula, type 1 fimbriae, enterotoxins like ST I and LT I from E. coli and are able to produce bacteriocins, aerobactin, enterobactin, yersiniabactin.
Enterobacter spp. grow rapidly on typical enteric media, strains from environmental sources at temperature of 20-30°C and from clinical sources at temperature of 37°C. All
E. sakazakii strains are usually yellow pigmented. Biochemical reactions differ widely among the
species. E. cloacae strains are positive for arginine dihydrolase and ornithine decarboxylase.
Biotyping, serotyping (by use of O and H and occasionally capsular antigens), phage typing, an antibiotic susceptibility typing and genotyping methods such RAPD-PCR, AP-PCR, REP-PCR, ERIC-PCR, PFGE, ribotyping and sequencing may be used as epidemiological markers for
Enterobacter strains.
1. Introduction. 2. Origin, taxonomy and the species of
Enterobacter spp. genus. 3. General characteristics of genus
Enterobacter spp. 3.1. Morphology, culture and metabolism. 3.2. Biochemical properties of the genus. 3.3. Antigenic structure and factors associated with resistance. 4. Occurrence of
Enterobacter spp. 5. Identyfication end epidemiologic typing of
Enterobacter spp. strains. 5.1. Phenotypic techniques. 5.2. Molecular biology methods. 6. Summary
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