EWOLUCJA I ZMIENNOŚĆ
GENOMU DROŻDŻY WINIARSKICH
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Katarzyna Rajkowska, Alina Kunicka
Instytut Technologii Fermentacji i Mikrobiologii, Politechnika Łódzka
ul. Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź
Wpłynęło we wrześniu 2004 r. 1. Wstęp. 2. Pozyskiwanie drożdży
winiarskich. 3. Organizacja genomu jądrowego. 4. Organizacja genomu
mitochondrialnego. 5. Zmienność genomu drożdży winiarskich. 6. Mechanizmy ewolucji drożdży. 7. Podsumowanie
Evolution and variability of genome of wine yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae Abstract:
The maintenance of genetic identity and stability of wine yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae is problematic. Yeast strains are characterized by large-scale chromosomal length polymorphism and high rates of changes in their karyotypes during meiosis and vegetative growth. This might be due to a number of different processes, including mutation, translocation of Ty and LTR elements, mitotic crossing-over or gene conversion. Also mitochondrial DNA escape events and mosaicism of chromosome ends could be sources of genetic variability. The nature and frequency of these changes suggest that they may play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of the genetic diversity observed in
S. cerevisiae populations. Industrial yeast genomes are probably subjected to strong selective pressure, in which chromosomal rearrangements and variations in the copy number of specific chromosomes might be selectively advantageous. This review summarizes the current knowledge of wine yeastsí genetic features and of some molecular processes causing yeast biodiversity 1. Introduction. 2. Origin of wine yeasts. 3. Organization of nuclear genome. 4. Organization of mitochondrial genome. 5. Variability of wine yeasts genome. 6. Mechanisms of yeast evolution. 7. Summary
Słowa kluczowe: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, polimorfizm długości chromosomu, rekombimacja mitotyczna, ewolucja, genom jądrowy i mitochondrialny
Key words: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chromosome length polymorphism, mitotic recombination, evolution, nuclear and mitochand mitochondrial genomendrial genome
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