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CHARAKTERYSTYKA,
IDENTYFIKACJA, RÓŻNICOWANIE
I TAKSONOMIA
BAKTERYJNYCH
PATOGENÓW ROŚLIN
Z RODZAJU ERWINIA
Małgorzata
Waleron, Krzysztof Waleron
Ewa
Łojkowska
1. Wprowadzenie.
2. Charakterystyka bakterii z rodzaju Erwinia. 3. Wykrywanie,
identyfikacja i różnicowanie bakterii z rodzaju Erwinia. 3.1. Testy
biochemiczno-fizjologiczne 3.2. Testy serologiczne.
3.3. Analiza kwasów tłuszczowych. 3.4. Analiza
restrykcyjna chromosomalnego DNA. 3.5. Hybrydyzacja kwasów nukleinowych.
3.6. Reakcja łańcuchowa polimerazy (PCR) i jej modyfikacje.
3.7. Reakcja łańuchowa ligazy (LCR). 3.8. Sekwencjonowanie
DNA. 4. Taksonomia bakterii z rodzaju Erwinia. 5. Podsumowanie
Characteristcs,
identification, differentiation and taxonomy of plant pathogenic
bacteria from the genus Erwinia
Abstract:
The genus Erwinia, which was proposed in 1917,
consists of several species of gram-negative,
non-spore-forming, peritrichous, fermentative rod-shaped bacteria
and belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. This genus
was proposed for plant-associated bacteria that are pathogens,
saprophytes and epiphytes. The majority of species of the genus Erwinia
are identified by biochemical features. Only for species like Erwinia amylovora, E. carotovora
subsp. atroseptica, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora,
E. chrysanthemi and
E. stewarda causing the highest losses of fruit
or vegetables the serological and molecular tools for detection,
identification and differentiation were developed.
Although taxonomic structure of the genus Erwinia has
been proven using both phenotypic and genotypic data,
the taxonomic position of this genus is discussed. The
difficulties are based mainly on the heterogeneity of the genus Erwinia and
the unclear relationships among its members and with other taxa of the Enterobacteriaceae.
Several independent intensive studies of 16S rDNA
sequences aimed to resolve the taxonomic relationships
of different species and groups of the Erwinia genus and
their position within the Enterobacteriaceae, but they gave incoherent results. Some authors proposed that the genus Erwinia
should be divided into four new genera, namely Erwinia,
Pectobacterium, Pantoea, and Brenneria, while others
suggested that the genera Pectobacterium and Brenneria should
be grouped together. Also the phylogenetic
position of phytopathogens within the Enterobacteriaceae is
problematic. The results of some authors indicated
that species belonging into former Erwinia genus form one
group well separated from other genera from Enterobacteriaceae
family. The other scientists obtained different
results indicating that among the genera from former Erwinia genus,
there are also other genera from Enterobacteriaceae family.
1. Introduction.
2. Characteristic of Erwinia genus. 3. Detection,
identification and differentiation of
bacteria from Erwinia genus. 3.1. Biochemical and
physiological tests. 3.2. Serological tests. 3.3. Analysis
of free fatty acids composition. 3.4. Restriction fragment
length polymorphism of chromosomal
DNA. 3.5. Nucleic acids hybridisation. 3.6. Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR) based DNA fingerprinting. 3.7. Ligase
Chain Reaction (LCR). 3.8. DNA sequencing. 4. Taxonomy
of the Erwinia genus.
5. Summary
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